Businesses and self-employed taxpayers have many options for filing their taxes.

Filing taxes doesn’t have to be time-consuming. The IRS wants it to be as easy as possible for taxpayers so that they can pay their taxes on time. For business owners and self-employed individuals, e-filing (otherwise known as electronic filing) makes the task simple and efficient.

e-File Options

The various e-file options are on the IRS site. First, you must know under what business entity you will file. Are you filing as a partnership, LLC, S-corporation or another business entity? Each type calls for its own forms.

The IRS e-file forms can all be filled out online. To make the process easier:

• Gather all the necessary materials to e-file before you sit down at the computer. This includes your corporate EIN or taxpayer EIN, income statements and other financial information.
• Make sure you have a secure Internet connection.
• Create your accounts and security questions, if necessary.
• Complete the forms.
• Check them for accuracy.
• Print a copy for your records.
• If you feel the forms are complete, submit them online.

You will need to create an e-file account. These accounts are free and secure. The first time you use the IRS site, it will take an additional 10-15 minutes to set up your account. It’s a good idea to create a folder on your computer and for your paper-based records to store all of your e-file document copies and other pertinent information. Many companies only use this information quarterly, and it’s easy to forget it after a while, but having a file makes it simpler to remember account numbers and other identifying information.

It’s Free

There is no cost to file your tax information or Social Security or Medicare payments electronically. If you encounter a website that wants to charge you to complete this information, leave immediately. It’s either a phishing scam or an unnecessary expense!

Launching a new business takes hard work — and money. Costs for market surveys, travel to line up potential distributors and suppliers, advertising, hiring employees, training, and other expenses incurred before a business is officially launched can add up to a substantial amount.

The tax law places certain limitations on tax deductions for start-up expenses.

• No deduction is available until the business becomes active.
• Up to $5,000 of accumulated start-up expenses may be deducted in the tax year in which the active business begins. This $5,000 limit is reduced (but not below zero) by the excess of total start-up costs over $50,000.
• Any remaining start-up expenses may be deducted ratably over the 180-month period beginning with the month in which the active business begins.

Example: Brooke spent $20,000 on start-up costs before her new business began on July 1, 2019. In 2019, she may deduct $5,000 and the portion of the remaining $15,000 allocable to July through December of 2019 ($15,000/180 × 6 = $500), a total of $5,500. The remaining $14,500 may be deducted ratably over the remaining 174 months.

Instead of deducting start-up costs, a business may elect to capitalize them (treat them as an asset on the balance sheet). Deductions for “organization expenses” — such as legal and accounting fees for services related to forming a corporation or partnership — are subject to similar rules.

Do you drive your car for business purposes? The costs of operating and maintaining your vehicle are potentially deductible. Here are some guidelines.

Two Methods

The IRS provides two basic methods for computing deductions for the business use of an automobile.

Actual expense method. With the actual expense method, you deduct the actual costs of operation, including licenses, registration fees, garage rent, repairs, gas, oil, tolls, and insurance. Additionally, you may claim depreciation deductions (and/or elect expensing under Section 179). If the car is leased, you deduct your lease payments rather than depreciation. (Certain limits apply.)

Standard mileage rate. Alternatively, you may choose to use an IRS-provided standard mileage rate. With this method, you multiply the number of business miles you drive during the year by the applicable rate (58¢ per mile for 2019). When you use the standard mileage rate, you don’t separately deduct expenses such as gasoline, oil, insurance, repairs and maintenance, depreciation, or lease payments. However, business-related parking fees and tolls are separately deductible.

Which Should You Use?

Generally, you will want to use the method that produces the largest deduction. If your vehicle is costly to own and operate, the actual expense method may be more advantageous. Conversely, if your vehicle is fuel efficient and/or inexpensive, the simpler standard mileage rate method may be a better choice.

With either method, the IRS requires that you keep records that substantiate your business use of the car: the date, place, business purpose, and number of miles you travel. When you use the actual expense method, you’ll also need records substantiating the amount and date of car-related expenditures. You can avoid having to retain receipts by using the standard mileage rate.

If you decide to use the standard mileage rate for a car you own, you may switch to the actual expense method in a later year. However, you won’t be able to claim accelerated depreciation deductions for the car. With a leased car, you have less flexibility. If you choose the standard mileage rate the first year, you must use it for the entire lease period.

Personal and Business Use

If you use your car for both personal and business purposes, you must keep track of your mileage for each purpose. To figure the percentage of qualified business use, you divide the business mileage by the total mileage driven. Then multiply that percentage by your total expenses.